Types of retinal detachment

Depending on the causes, 3 basic mechanisms that lead to retinal detachment can be distinguished.

„Rhegmatogenous“ retinal detachment

This is the most common type of retinal detachment. It occurs when a tear or hole in the retina allows fluid to enter the potential space behind the retina and thus detaches it from the nourishing layer beneath it, the retinal pigment epithelium. Certain conditions are known to possibly predispose this type of detachment such as high myopia (nearsightedness), the state after complicated cataract surgery or also blunt or sharp injuries of the eye.

„Exudative“ retinal detachment

This type is far more seldom and is caused by a chronic fluid discharge of the choroidal vessels and a marred retinal pigment epithelium. Fluid is then gradually accumulated underneath the retina and lifts it from its underlying layer. Common potential causes for this are inflammatory processes or tumours in this area.

 „Tractional“ retinal detachment

Retinal detachment can also occur if retinal fibrous membranes produce mechanical traction of the retina. This type mainly occurs in advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy and is also observed on newborns. Tractional retinal detachment can also result from a prior retinal surgery.